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[4qd-bannvalley] A few questions

Subject: [4qd-bannvalley] A few questions
From: 4qd-bannvalley@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Lunney Family)
Date: Thu, 2 Aug 2007 10:00:00 +0100
In-reply-to: <7.0.0.16.2.20070802014655.050f1e78@email.com>
References: <00a201c7d460$276a1100$6700a8c0@BobPC> <98653B08-3E8E-4ADB-8D91-A40EC25941FA@lunney.net> <7.0.0.16.2.20070802014655.050f1e78@email.com>

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Sorry Tim! I should have taken a bit of thought before writing. The =20
erenaghs were relatively high status families with varying functions =20
through the centuries; I will insert a section from a BBC history =20
site which is quite clear; clearer for non-specialists at least.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/ireland_before/=20
ib03.shtml

reland before the Plantation


=EF=BF=BC
The religious system


By the 12th century many Early church sites had no monks or clergy. =20
Instead hereditary tenants farmed the church lands, under lay abbots =20
known as 'erenaghs' - Irish 'oirchinneach' or 'superior' - in the =20
case of smaller church sites; and 'coarbs' - Irish 'comharba' or =20
'heir' - who governed the principal shrine in a network of church =20
sites dedicated to a single saint.

Colonists reallocated these 'termon-lands' - or 'sanctuary-lands' - =20
to parish priests, or new monastic orders like Benedictines, or the =20
barons simply annexed them. Meanwhile in Gaelic Ireland the 'termon-=20
men' realised they needed a new legal status inside the church to =20
avoid being taxed as ordinary laymen by the chiefs. They transferred =20
ownership of their lands to the diocesan bishops. Those remaining on =20
the lands were now the bishops' tenants. 'Erenaghs' and 'coarbs' =20
functioned as stewards, collecting rents and tithes. This revenue =20
went to the rector and vicar of each parish, the bishop and the =20
erenagh himself, who spent some on the maintenance of the church =20
buildings.Lay erenaghs knew Latin and still claimed spiritual powers =20
of blessing and cursing as guardians of the relics of their founder =20
saints. Ulster parish clergy were recruited from erenagh families, =20
making the clerical profession hereditary. Bardic poets, historians =20
and judges were often drawn from erenagh families also. With this =20
ambiguity between clerics and laymen, wives and mistresses of =20
ordained clergy could enjoy social acceptance, despite canon law. The =20=

laity, however, reserved their deepest respect for the celibate, =20
highly-educated Franciscan friars. Most churches in Ulster had been =20
beyond the authority of the English crown. After the Plantation these =20=

church lands passed to the king as head of the reformed church, and =20
the erenaghs became tenants of the Protestant bishops. Some conformed =20=

and became rectors in the established church, with varying degrees of =20=

sincerity. Some were evicted and became bitter adherents of the =20
Counter-Reformation.



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<HTML><BODY style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -khtml-nbsp-mode: space; =
-khtml-line-break: after-white-space; "><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px =
13.0px 0.0px"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#003433" =
face=3D"Arial" size=3D"3"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"font-size: 13px;">Sorry Tim! I should have taken a bit of =
thought before writing. The erenaghs were relatively high status =
families with varying functions through the centuries; I will insert a =
section from a BBC history site which is quite clear; clearer for =
non-specialists at least.<FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000" face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"5"><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: =
18px;"></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px =
13.0px 0.0px"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#003433" =
face=3D"Arial" size=3D"3"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
style=3D"font-size: 13px;"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#000000" face=3D"Helvetica" size=3D"5"><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 18px;"><A =
href=3D"http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/ireland_before/ib0=
3.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/ireland_before/ib=
03.shtml</A></SPAN></FONT></SPAN></FONT></P><DIV style=3D"margin-top: =
0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><A =
href=3D"http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/plantation/ireland_before/ind=
ex.shtml"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2"><SPAN=
 class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 10px;">reland before the =
Plantation</SPAN></FONT></A></DIV><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px =
0.0px"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#2A0000" face=3D"Arial" =
size=3D"2"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: =
10px;">=A0</SPAN></FONT></P><BR><IMG =
src=3D"cid:6692C63E-B770-47B3-B633-8E3D12F2C8C1@local"><DIV =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 15px/normal Arial; =
min-height: 17px; "><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#003433"><BR></FONT></DIV><DIV style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#003433" face=3D"Arial" =
size=3D"4"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: =
15px;"><B>The religious system</B></SPAN></FONT></DIV><P style=3D"margin: =
0.0px 0.0px 13.0px 0.0px"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#003433" face=3D"Arial" size=3D"3"><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13px;"><BR =
class=3D"khtml-block-placeholder"></SPAN></FONT></P><P style=3D"margin: =
0.0px 0.0px 13.0px 0.0px"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#003433" face=3D"Arial" size=3D"3"><SPAN =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13px;">By the 12th =
century many Early church sites had no monks or clergy. Instead =
hereditary tenants farmed the church lands, under lay abbots known as =
'erenaghs' - Irish 'oirchinneach' or 'superior' - in the case of smaller =
church sites; and 'coarbs' - Irish 'comharba' or 'heir' - who governed =
the principal shrine in a network of church sites dedicated to a single =
saint.</SPAN></FONT></P><P style=3D"margin: 0.0px 0.0px 13.0px =
0.0px"><FONT class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#003433" face=3D"Arial" =
size=3D"3"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: =
13px;">Colonists reallocated these 'termon-lands' - or 'sanctuary-lands' =
- to parish priests, or new monastic orders like Benedictines, or the =
barons simply annexed them. Meanwhile in Gaelic Ireland the 'termon-men' =
realised they needed a new legal status inside the church to avoid being =
taxed as ordinary laymen by the chiefs. They transferred ownership of =
their lands to the diocesan bishops. Those remaining on the lands were =
now the bishops' tenants. 'Erenaghs' and 'coarbs' functioned as =
stewards, collecting rents and tithes. This revenue went to the rector =
and vicar of each parish, the bishop and the erenagh himself, who spent =
some on the maintenance of the church buildings.</SPAN></FONT><FONT =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#003433" face=3D"Arial" =
size=3D"3"><SPAN class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: =
13px;">Lay erenaghs knew Latin and still claimed spiritual powers of =
blessing and cursing as guardians of the relics of their founder saints. =
Ulster parish clergy were recruited from erenagh families, making the =
clerical profession hereditary. Bardic poets, historians and judges were =
often drawn from erenagh families also. With this ambiguity between =
clerics and laymen, wives and mistresses of ordained clergy could enjoy =
social acceptance, despite canon law. The laity, however, reserved their =
deepest respect for the celibate, highly-educated Franciscan friars. =
Most churches in Ulster had been beyond the authority of the English =
crown. After the Plantation these church lands passed to the king as =
head of the reformed church, and the erenaghs became tenants of the =
Protestant bishops. Some conformed and became rectors in the established =
church, with varying degrees of sincerity. Some were evicted and became =
bitter adherents of the =
Counter-Reformation.</SPAN></FONT></P><BR></BODY></HTML>=

Follow-Ups:
- [4qd-bannvalley] A few questions
  - From: Tim Kane

References:
- [4qd-bannvalley] A few questions
  - From: Bob Faulkner
- [4qd-bannvalley] A few questions
  - From: Lunney Family
- [4qd-bannvalley] A few questions
  - From: Tim Kane

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